Wednesday, June 8, 2011

Etching out a life on Smokey Mountain                           CNN Article
When I was told we were travelling to the Philippines to do a story on "Smokey Mountain", I was unaware as to just how famous this landmark actually was.
I knew it was a rubbish dump; a place where tens of thousands of people once scavenged for their livelihood - an occupation adopted by so many of the world's poor who live below the poverty line. Here in the Philippines, that equates to almost half the population.
As I began to research, images of people stooping to such humiliating lows to put food in their mouths appeared online. But considering the landfill had closed in 1990, and the community moved to housing commission next door, I just presumed the face of poverty at Smokey Mountain had become more dignified.
After spending several hours at the government housing towers that cram roughly 30,000 people into about a dozen high rise buildings, our crew decided to make the trek up Smokey Mountain.
It's this looming mass of decomposed rubbish, standing more than 20 meters high. From a distance it looks like an enormous mound of Earth, almost of equal height to the towers that stand next to it, but on closer inspection you can see the layers of plastic bags, tires and bottles all squashed together -- the remains of 50 years of Manila's trash.
There are no steps or a road leading to the top of a landfill. Just a filthy rope dangling from the top and a well trodden path people use to scramble up this steep embankment.
I see this young girl covered head to toe in dirt carrying up a large bottle of water -- like the one that belongs in an office building. Her clothes are ripped, her ratty plastic sandals - three sizes too big - her hair, completely dishevelled and soot covers her face as if she'd been working in a coal mine.
With the water bottle resting on her shoulder she gives me a huge smile, inviting me to follow. In tow are two little girls, roughly the same age, laughing... amused that this white woman with blonde hair, carrying a camera wants to enter their world.
We get to the top, hands covered in dirt and mangy dog’s race up barking viciously. The three little girls are oblivious to these creatures that would definitely give you rabies if their teeth actually sunk into your flesh. Chickens scratch in the dirt and decomposed rubbish that's strewn across this lunar landscape.
Several humpy-type structures are standing in the scrubby vegetation. I'm shocked to discover that people actually live up here. I follow the girls to their home. Or at least what they call home. Bits of plastic and wooden sheeting to keep out the elements; a piece of corrugated iron attached for a roof and a timber palate with a mat on top, that keeps them an inch above the earth while they sleep.
I ask the name of the girl carrying the water. She responds in perfect English, her name is Rhea Rebadolla and she says she is 11 years old. She introduces me to her 8-year-old sister, Felomina, who doesn't leave her side, and her 10-year-old friend and neighbour, Noreen Grace.
Much to my surprise, they all speak English having attended the local school up until the end of last year. I ask why they don't go anymore and they explain quite simply they can't afford to. I photograph them and they ask to see the photos, laughing and giggling like little school girls. I ask after their parents and find a man who knows the girls. He says their parents are out scavenging for rubbish. They move around, depending on where the work is and recently pulled the girls out of school because they couldn't afford to pay the school fees.
Further enquiries reveal that the education system in that community, at the bottom of the landfill, is free. I wonder whether the parents have pulled them out of class to make them work.
From the top of the landfill you can see sprawling Manila. The high-rises of the city's financial district in the distance -- through the haze of the metropolis you can see the mountain range hugging the capital. A shipping terminal backs on to the landfill. Huge tankers sit in the harbor waiting to load and unload.
There are signs of money and wealth everywhere, but here on Smokey Mountain, on top of this landfill, there are just three little girls who will never know what any of that means.
Rhea takes my hand in hers, as if it's the most natural thing in the world. She shows me around her slum of an existence as the sun sinks into the ocean and dusk begins to fall. I ask her to follow me to the car. What can I do to help improve this 11-year-old's life, other than take her away, out of her world, give her a bath, an education, a future?
Instead we give her and her friends some money, wishing, hoping this was their ticket out of the cycle of poverty.

Sean MacBride

What is the Nobel Peace Prize?


The Nobel Peace Prize is an award that is awarded to people who have shown humanitarian efforts and peace movements along with a wide range of fields like advocacy of human rights, mediation of international conflicts and arms control.

Where did it originate from?


On the 27th of November, 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will and testament, giving the largest amount of his fortune to a series of prizes which he called the Nobel Prizes. In one part of the will, Nobel described one part of the prizes was to be dedicated to “the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses".

Who is Sean Mac Bride?


Sean Mac Bride was born on the 26th of January, 1904 in Paris. His first language was French and he remained in Paris until after his father’s execution in 1916.
He went to school at Mount St. Benedict’s, Gorey, County Wexford in Ireland. He joined the Irish Volunteers in 1919 when he was 15 and he was an active member during the Irish War of Independence. He opposed the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty and was imprisoned by the Irish Free State during the Civil War. In 1924 he went to study law at University College Dublin and resumed his IRA (Irish Republican Army) activities. On his 21st birthday, 1925, he married Kid Bulfin. He worked as a journalist in London and Paris before returning to Dublin in 1927, where he became Director of Intelligence for the IRA. In 1936, Sean Mac Bride became the Chief of Staff but was replaced a while later. In 1937, he was called to the Bar Council of Ireland (professional association for barristers practicing law in the Republic of Ireland). He resigned from the IRA later that year when the Constitution of Ireland was enacted.

CLANN NA POBLACHTA
In 1946, Mac Bride founded the republican/socialist party Clann na Poblachta. In 1947, he won a seat in Dail Eireann. At the 1948 election, Clann na Poblachta won only 10 seats so the party joined with 4 other party’s to form the First Inter-Party Government. Mac Bride was appointed as the Minister for Foreign Affairs in 1948 and was still in that post when the Council of Europe was drafting the European Convention on Human Rights and is credited with being a key force in the acceptance in this convention because he was the President of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. In 1951, Clann na Poblachta was reduced to just 2 seats. Mac Bride kept his seat and was re-elected in 1954. In 1961, he retired from politics and continued practicing as a barrister.
Sean Mac Bride died in Dublin on the 15th of January, 1988, 11 days before his 84th birthday.

When and why did he receive his price?


Sean Mac Bride received his prize in 1974. Throughout the 50’s, 60’s and 70’s, Sean Mac Bride worked tirelessly for human rights. He was part of the group of lawyers who founded JUSTICE (the UK-based human rights and law reform organisation) and was also an active member of many international organisations concerned with human rights. In 1973 he was elected by the General Assembly to the post if High Commissioner for Namibia. In 1977, he was appointed president of the International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems set up by UNESCO. In 1980 he was appointed Chairman of UNESCO. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize as a man who "mobilised the conscience of the world in the fight against injustice".

Why did Sean Mac Bride become involved in his work?


I couldn’t find any information on the internet as to why Sean Mac Bride started his work so I have written why I think he started his work:
I think Sean Mac Bride started his work as his father was involved in the Irish Transvaal Brigade which meant he was fighting in wars and then he was also fighting in wars and he would have seen many people who weren’t living in good conditions and then when he became a barrister he would of also dealt with many cases where the most common of human rights were neglected. I think that this is why he chose to start the work he did.




Declaration of Human Rights and Independence

Article 3
  • Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
My Understanding
Social.
Everyone has the right to live a descent life.
Article 4
  • No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.   
Rachel's Understanding
Economic
No child labor and cheap labor, only fair working conditions for all workers.

Refugees



Refugee: definition
§  Refugees are people who have left their homeland because they fear that they will lose their lives or freedom if they stay. People become refugees because one or more of their basic human rights has been violated or threatened.
§  International law defines a refugee as a person who has fled from and/ or cannot return to their country due to well founded fear or persecution including war or conflict.
A person is a refugee if:
§  Refugees have to be outside their country of origin
§  Their reason for flight of
fear has to be persecution
§  The fear of persecution has to be well founded, i.e. they have to have experienced persecution or likely to experience it if they return
§  The persecution has to result from one or more of the 5 grounds listed in the definition;
§  They have to be unwilling or unable to seek the protection of their country.
Who protects refugees?
§  UNHCR
§  Protecting refugees is the core mandate of the UNHCR ( United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees)
§  Who do they help?
§  The UNHCR’s primary goal is to help and protect the rights of refugees but they also help
§  Stateless people
§  Women
§  The elderly
§  The disabled
§  They work in more then 110 countries and have helped over 34.4 million people reclaim their lives.

    Where are they involved?

§  They work in:
§  Africa
§  The Americas
§  Asia and the pacific
§  Europe
§  The Middle East
§  North Africa